cartography

Cartography s New Golden Age

Your genome is the entire sequence of your DNA.

The Cancer Genome Atlas is coming out now.

Alternatively, if the genome of the organism that originated the EST has been sequenced, one can align the EST sequence to that genome using a computer.

To ensure free access to information on the human genome sequence.

If you're telling me you're going to be the great developer of the map of the human genome, you'd better know what a human genome is.

A program called Brain Electrical Activity Mapping then triangulates the source of that abnormality in the brain.

Guys, this would never have happened without whole genome sequencing.

We didn't sequence his genome.

Digital mapping technology is having the most profound impact on the world s most remote and undeveloped regions.

Mapping is, of course, not just about cartography, it's also about imagery.

On any given plantation, 20 percent of the trees produce 80 percent of the crop, so Mars is looking at the genome, they're sequencing the genome of the cocoa plant.

What does a genome look like?

And it looks really good.

This is part of that genome.

Preserving the genome of these fungi in the old growth forest I think is absolutely critical for human health.

Here, instead of through the lens of a genome, through the lens of digitized pieces of the historical record.

And we really are seeing this in very different terms from the kind of mapping and direction site that one is used to.

Except genomics is a lens on biology through the window of the sequence of bases in the human genome.

This should be a big science project equivalent to the Human Genome Project.

So, this little thingamajig has a genome that's 200 times the size of yours.

And so just to give you a picture of what this looks like, the Human Genome Project 3 gigabases, right.

Not only does it do that if you took the genome that synthetic genome and you plugged it into a different critter, like yeast, you now turn that yeast into Mycoplasma.

What I want to talk to you about is what we can learn from studying the genomes of living people and extinct humans.

It was named in honor of Merton Davies (1917 2001), a pioneer in the cartography of planetary bodies.

But also, the genome is really the instruction manual.

Ladies and gentlemen, I present to you the human genome.

How many are there in the human genome? Three billion.

The genomic sequence now exists for the entire Pinot Noir organism, and they identified, once again, about 29,000 genes.

In it, he described a distant land where cartography the science of making maps was taken to ridiculous extremes.

57. Endorses the decision of the Committee to grant permanent observer status to the African Organization of Cartography and Remote Sensing

Now, you have the genome and you say to yourself, So, if I plug this synthetic genome if I pull the old one out and plug it in does it just boot up and live?

Indeed, more encompassing knowledge of personal genomics can engender a new sense of commonality.

When you get sick, it is a bug in your genome.

It's in there, waiting to be sequenced.

And so 15 years, actually, and about four billion dollars later, the genome was sequenced and published.

Around the turn of the century, the first sequencing of the human genome led to reverse vaccinology. This approach, whereby computational analysis of a pathogen s genome enables identification and screening of a great many more potential vaccine targets than was previously possible, was used in the successful development of a vaccine against meningitis B.

The prospect of using the genome as a universal diagnostic is upon us today.

So, last year the French and Italians announced they got together and they went ahead and they sequenced Pinot Noir.

And the viral genome I'm showing you right here?

Chromosome 16 spans about 90 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents just under 3 of the total DNA in cells.

Today, people like Noé are spearheading a second golden age of cartography, which promises to bring equally significant economic and social benefits.

At the very top you find the uniformly random sequence, which is a random jumble of letters and interestingly, we also find the DNA sequence from the human genome and instrumental music.

And this then, in conjunction with these methods that allow very many DNA molecules to be sequenced very rapidly, allowed us last year to present the first version of the Neanderthal genome, so that any one of you can now look on the Internet, on the Neanderthal genome, or at least on the 55 percent of it that we've been able to reconstruct so far.