Your genome is the entire sequence of your DNA.

The Cancer Genome Atlas is coming out now.

We can call it the engineering approach, and I claim that the engineering approach is within range.

Alternatively, if the genome of the organism that originated the EST has been sequenced, one can align the EST sequence to that genome using a computer.

Engineering

To ensure free access to information on the human genome sequence.

If you're telling me you're going to be the great developer of the map of the human genome, you'd better know what a human genome is.

Guys, this would never have happened without whole genome sequencing.

The second time, it's engineering.

We didn't sequence his genome.

On any given plantation, 20 percent of the trees produce 80 percent of the crop, so Mars is looking at the genome, they're sequencing the genome of the cocoa plant.

What does a genome look like?

And it looks really good.

Engineering Functions

The hardest thing at this point is the social engineering and the organizational engineering, but it's here today.

This is part of that genome.

Preserving the genome of these fungi in the old growth forest I think is absolutely critical for human health.

Here, instead of through the lens of a genome, through the lens of digitized pieces of the historical record.

To combine engineering and design and ...

They got quite serious about the engineering of this.

Except genomics is a lens on biology through the window of the sequence of bases in the human genome.

This should be a big science project equivalent to the Human Genome Project.

So, this little thingamajig has a genome that's 200 times the size of yours.

And so just to give you a picture of what this looks like, the Human Genome Project 3 gigabases, right.

This is unthinking engineering.

Not only does it do that if you took the genome that synthetic genome and you plugged it into a different critter, like yeast, you now turn that yeast into Mycoplasma.

What I want to talk to you about is what we can learn from studying the genomes of living people and extinct humans.

Consider the relationship between science and engineering.

Much of the advanced engineering is homegrown.

I am studying electrical engineering at the University of Plymouth.

But also, the genome is really the instruction manual.

Ladies and gentlemen, I present to you the human genome.

How many are there in the human genome? Three billion.

The genomic sequence now exists for the entire Pinot Noir organism, and they identified, once again, about 29,000 genes.

They reverse engineer manuals.

The same dynamic will play out with genetic engineering.

The international space station is an amazing feat of engineering.

Now, you have the genome and you say to yourself, So, if I plug this synthetic genome if I pull the old one out and plug it in does it just boot up and live?

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The engineering approach does not intervene in any processes.

Indeed, more encompassing knowledge of personal genomics can engender a new sense of commonality.

When you get sick, it is a bug in your genome.

It's in there, waiting to be sequenced.

And so 15 years, actually, and about four billion dollars later, the genome was sequenced and published.